Friday, 01 January 2010

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Acquaintances: book review Morgan, D. (2009). Acquaintances: the space between intimates and strangers. Maidenhead, Open University Press. Reviewed by Kevin Harris. Some years ago I published an article in which I raised the need for a typology of encounters, because I couldn't find quite what I wanted. I was after some way of helpfully distinguishing relationships by such features as familiarity (close ties - first name - knowing ties etc) and the degree of freedom of the relationship (coerced - kin - coincidental – voluntary – spontaneous - pragmatic and so on). I found a few bits and pieces to draw on, such as some 1996 Scandinavian research which distinguished ‘acknowledge-contact’, ‘greeting contact’, and ‘helping contact’ as forms of weak tie. But no developed typology. I thought it would be handy to think more systematically about different kinds of encounters or ‘occasions’ - not just whether contact is face-to-face or remote, synchronous or asynchronous; but also the degree of contrivance, covering for instance coincidence, serendipity, whether predictable or explicable, scheduled or contrived and so on. At the time I wasn't aware of Lyn Lofland's marvellous work on the public realm, which would have helped. And David Morgan had not yet written Acquaintances, which I think it's fair to describe as a preliminary study of people who occupy the space between intimates and strangers. Morgan approaches the subject mainly at the individual rather than the community or social level. Fundamental to his definition is an appreciation of the knowledge that people have of others, which distinguishes acquaintance from stranger. When it comes to thinking about neighbouring, it's interesting to have the phenomenon of noise defined as 'unwelcome acaquaintanceship knowledge'. Giving acquaintanceship due recognition seems to have had to wait for the relatively recent development of a sociology of the everyday, and the author explains how acquaintances 'are part of the process of building up a sense of the everyday in time, space, practices and orientations to the world'. He's concerned to get us thinking more positively about the role that acquaintances play in our lives, especially in the cosmopolitan context; and to assert that they are necessary for social life to exist at all. 'It would be difficult,' he writes, 'to describe or account for social life without them.' He also suggests (in an introductory discussion, from R4's Thinking allowed programme a couple of months ago [thanks Martin for the headsup] which is still available here at about 13 minutes) that the tendency to romanticise acquaintances as intimates-in-waiting devalues their social significance. Although the book is not based on any fresh research, the objectives are fully achieved in what is a very readable text, refreshingly illustrated with personal anecdote in an easy-going style. This book will take its place in the literature of social relations because it draws attention to the fact that acquaintanceship encounters take place regularly and unspectacularly, and it is that which is significant. The settings covered include neighbourhoods, the workplace, and relations between professionals. Further chapters cover passing acquaintances, fleeting...
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The hidden wealth of nations: book review The hidden wealth of nations By David Halpern ISBN 978-0745648026, published by Polity Press, 2010 (£13.66 online) Reviewed by Jan Steyaert I have never had the pleasure of meeting David Halpern, but greatly enjoyed reading two of his earlier publications, a book he wrote on social capital in 2005 and a discussion paper he wrote with his colleagues on personal responsibility and changing behaviour. At the time Halpern was working at the Prime Minister’s Strategy Unit, which gave his writing that extra touch. You knew it wasn’t only influenced by research and good thinking, but that it also was influenced by and had its own influence on discussion in the inner circles of UK’s public policy. So when a review copy of Halpern’s latest book found its way into my mailbox, I could only look forward to Christmas for some quiet reading time. The snow and following immobility made sure there was plenty of that. What we’re getting in this book is basically five large articles of about 50 pages on average, each exploring a theme that Halpern has seen dominating public policy debates without really being on the surface of these debates. While news media bring us our daily or weekly potion of 'chatter of contemporary politics', Halpern gives us a view of the undercurrents of politics, the themes that really matter but rarely surface. The first theme Halpern explores relates to a topic popularised by Richard Layard some years ago: while in principle economic growth increases happiness, it does so only up to a certain (rather low) level. Once beyond that, more economic growth doesn’t really have much impact on happiness. Income is just one of the drivers of well-being. Secondly, the author turns to the theme of people ‘not getting along’, discussing the increased sensitivity to crime (two-thirds of Britons think crime is rising, while statistically it fell by more than a third, p. 59) and the increased worries about immigration (again, the concerns do not relate to overall immigration levels) and terrorism. Next, Halpern turns to the ‘politics of virtue’ and the area of norms and values, respect and regard. Taking a long-term perspective, he argues that there are few indications of a moral decline: on the contrary, we have become a good deal more polite to each other than our historical forebears (p. 104). Therefore, 'we should be wary of the doom-merchants who tell us that society is in moral free-fall' (p. 95). Having made these observations, the author argues there is indeed a tension between the real economy and the ‘economy of regard’. Building on this, the case for a complementary currency is developed. The fourth theme covered is fairness and inclusion, or social equality. Halpern describes not only the increased inequality, but also the rise in support for meritocracy, changing attitudes on inequality and the importance of social mobility. The final theme covered in the book deals with power and governance. This chapter covers the decline in political participation and reform of public...

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